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Showing 1–16 of 37 results
37 metered solution products · 246 to 9,111 daltons
This range holds thirty-seven peptide nasal sprays spanning a forty-fold mass range, from a dipeptide at roughly 246 daltons to a folded protein at roughly 9,111. Molecular weight is the single strongest predictor of whether the nasal route works, so that spread means the format suits some of these products far better than others. This page says which.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Products in this range | 37 |
| Mass span | Roughly 246.3 to 9,111 g/mol |
| Smallest | Vilon, a dipeptide at roughly 246.3 |
| Largest | IGF-1 LR3, an 83-residue folded protein at roughly 9,111 |
| Practical transport threshold | Roughly 1,000 daltons, where paracellular passage becomes inefficient |
| Products below that threshold | 28 of 37 |
| Products above it | 9, including two protein analogues an order of magnitude above |
| Format | Metered aqueous solution, supplied ready to use |
| Concentration | Set at manufacture. Not adjustable by the buyer |
| Storage | 2-8°C, protected from light. Do not freeze |
| Principal format limitation | Every identity and purity question resolves to a single measurement taken at fill |
| Page type | Category hub, not a product page |
| Schema page type | CollectionPage |
| Cornerstone content | Yes |
| Meta robots | index, follow |
| Regulatory status | No approved human nasal formulation for any compound in this range |
More reliably than any other single variable, and the relationship is steep enough to sort this range into two groups.
Transport across the nasal epithelium happens mainly between cells rather than through them, and the tight junctions between those cells impose a size limit.
Published work places the practical transition near 1,000 daltons. Below it, paracellular passage carries useful quantities. Above it, the fraction crossing falls away sharply.
Twenty-eight of the thirty-seven products here sit below that line, most of them well below.
Nine sit above it, and two of those are folded proteins at roughly 7,371 and 9,111 daltons. That is seven to nine times the threshold.
For those two, reported nasal bioavailability for proteins of that size is generally well under one percent without an absorption enhancer.
That does not make the format useless for them, but it does mean delivered amount has to be measured rather than assumed from the metered volume.
Stating that on the product pages themselves rather than only here is the approach taken throughout this catalogue, and it is why those pages open with the limitation.
Size is necessary and not sufficient, and three further properties shape what happens at the mucosal surface.
Charge is the first. Mucosal surfaces carry a net negative charge from sialic acid residues and sulfated glycans in the mucus layer.
A cationic peptide binds that layer electrostatically, which increases residence time and also means bound material is not crossing. Mucociliary clearance then carries the mucus toward the throat over roughly fifteen to twenty minutes.
An anionic peptide is repelled and passes on without binding, gaining no extra residence time and suffering no obstruction.
A near-neutral peptide gets neither, and it is also the charge state most prone to adsorbing onto container walls before it ever reaches the nozzle.
Hydrophobicity is the second. A peptide with aromatic or aliphatic bulk can cross the lipid membrane transcellularly, which is a second route unavailable to fully polar compounds.
Enzymatic activity at the mucosal surface is the third, and it is compound-specific. Glutathione, for instance, meets a dedicated gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrated at exactly the surface a spray deposits it on.
Which of those dominates varies by compound, which is why each product page in this range carries its own analysis rather than a shared paragraph.
The chemistry does not change. What changes is who controls the clock and what the buyer can independently check.
A lyophilized powder is dry, and most degradation routes need water, and a sealed vial at refrigerator temperature is close to chemically quiet.
A spray is aqueous from the fill line onward, which means hydrolysis, deamidation, isomerisation, disulfide exchange and oxidation all proceed from the day of manufacture rather than from the day of reconstitution.
The buyer inherits an unknown elapsed time, since the fill date is rarely stated and the purchase date says nothing about it.
More consequentially, every identity and purity question resolves to a single measurement taken before the bottle shipped.
With a powder a researcher can weigh out material, split a sample and run their own analysis on material they control. With a solution they cannot easily do the quantitative half of that.
Identity remains checkable, since electrospray mass spectrometry handles aqueous samples without difficulty. Purity does not, because it needs a known injected amount and concentration is the uncertain quantity.
That distinction between checkable identity and uncheckable purity is the accurate summary of the format, and it is more useful than a general warning.
Several failure modes produce no visible change and no shift in nominal mass, which makes them worth naming as a group.
Asparagine and aspartate rearrangement is the most common. Asn deamidates to Asp adding one dalton, and Asp adjacent to glycine forms a succinimide that reopens to isoaspartate at identical mass.
Isoaspartate cannot be distinguished from aspartate by mass spectrometry at any resolution, since the two are isomers.
Kisspeptin-10 carries two asparagines plus a C-terminal amide, giving three sites that each add one dalton. Chonluten, Epitalon and Testagen each carry an Asp-Gly motif.
For those compounds, elapsed time in solution is the practical proxy for degradation, and the fill date carries more information than the purity figure.
Thiol oxidation is the second silent route. Glutathione converts to its disulfide with no change in appearance, and the reduced fraction has to be measured by DTNB rather than inferred.
Tryptophan oxidation is the third, though it is at least detectable by a mass shift of 16 daltons per oxygen. GHRP-6 and Triptorelin each carry two tryptophans.
A buyer holding any of those products should ask for a fill date, which is a question that has an answer and is almost never volunteered.
The comparison comes down to which uncertainty a given experiment can tolerate.
A vial requires weighing, which at low-milligram masses carries real error. A four-place balance with plus or minus 0.2 milligrams of practical uncertainty puts ten percent error on a two milligram sample.
It also requires the researcher to apply the counterion correction themselves, which is at least a correction they can see and choose.
A spray removes the weighing entirely, since it was done once at scale by the manufacturer, and delivers a metered volume that removes pipetting variability from the delivery step.
What it does not remove is the gap between what leaves the nozzle and what crosses the mucosa, which depends on plume geometry, application angle and drainage to the throat.
For a compound with no established intranasal pharmacokinetics, and that describes nearly everything in this range, that gap is the dominant uncertainty.
So the spray simplifies delivery and the vial simplifies concentration control, and which matters more depends entirely on whether the experiment needs a known amount or a consistent one.
Where a study needs both, the vial plus a calibrated delivery device is the more defensible arrangement even though it is more work.
Six fields, and most certificates in this market supply two of them.
Measured mass with the instrument resolution stated, since several compounds in this range have degradation products one or two daltons away.
Purity by chromatography with the gradient and the detection wavelength stated. Compounds without an aromatic residue must be detected at 214 nanometres, and a certificate quoting 280 for one of those has a problem.
The explicit sequence, since trade names carry no chemical information and this range contains several near-isobaric pairs.
Counterion identity with net peptide content. At the small end of this range that correction exceeds thirty percent of the associated mass.
The fill concentration and whether it was calculated on gross weighed mass or on net peptide content, which the buyer cannot otherwise determine.
The fill date, which is the field that converts an uninterpretable purity figure into an interpretable one for the silently degrading compounds.
Asking for the last two costs nothing and separates suppliers who have thought about solution-state products from those who have not.
Storage rules are consistent across the range with three compound-specific exceptions worth knowing.
Refrigerate at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, protect from light, and never freeze. Freezing concentrates solutes at the ice boundary, which accelerates several degradation routes and drives protein aggregation.
Minimise the number of times a bottle is opened. Each opening admits fresh oxygen, and headspace grows as the contents fall, so exposure per unit volume rises over the working life.
The first exception is light. Compounds carrying tryptophan photodegrade genuinely rather than theoretically, and for those an amber bottle or opaque carton is a requirement rather than a precaution.
The second is metal contact. Trace copper and iron catalyse thiol and aromatic oxidation. So glutathione and the tryptophan-containing compounds keep longer away from it.
The third is container material, which matters for the cationic and near-neutral compounds where adsorption changes the delivered amount rather than merely documenting it.
Record the lot, the stated concentration, the fill date where available, the date first opened, the container material and the actuation count.
Those six fields cover essentially every failure mode this format has, and five of them cost nothing but attention.
Selected references on nasal delivery and on the degradation routes relevant to solution-state peptide products.
Thirty-seven metered solution products spanning roughly 246 to 9,111 daltons, from a dipeptide to an 83-residue folded protein. All are supplied for laboratory research only.
More reliably than any other single variable. Published work places the practical transition near 1,000 daltons, and 28 of the 37 products here sit below it.
The fraction crossing falls away sharply. Two are folded proteins at roughly 7,371 and 9,111 daltons, where reported nasal bioavailability for proteins that size is generally well under one percent.
Charge, hydrophobicity and compound-specific enzymatic activity at the mucosal surface. Cationic peptides bind the mucus layer, anionic ones pass on, and near-neutral ones get neither effect.
Who controls the clock. A spray is aqueous from the fill line onward, so hydrolysis, deamidation, isomerisation and oxidation proceed from manufacture rather than from reconstitution.
Identity yes, purity not easily. Electrospray mass spectrometry handles aqueous samples without difficulty, but a quantitative purity determination needs a known injected amount and concentration is the uncertain quantity.
Those with asparagine or Asp-Gly motifs, where rearrangement produces mass-identical isoaspartate. Kisspeptin-10 has three plus-one-dalton sites; Chonluten, Epitalon and Testagen each carry an Asp-Gly.
By a different route. It converts to its disulfide with no visible change, and the reduced fraction has to be measured by DTNB rather than inferred from a chromatographic purity figure.
The spray removes weighing error, which is real at low-milligram masses, and the vial gives concentration control and lets the researcher apply the counterion correction themselves.
Depends on whether the experiment needs a known amount or a consistent one. Where it needs both, a vial plus a calibrated delivery device is more defensible despite being more work.
Measured mass with resolution stated, purity with gradient and detection wavelength, the explicit sequence, counterion with net peptide content, the fill concentration basis, and the fill date.
The fill date and the fill concentration basis. Both cost nothing to state and both separate suppliers who have thought about solution-state products from those who have not.
Peptide nasal sprays are sold exclusively for laboratory research use. They are not a drug, food, or cosmetic product, and they are not a dietary product of any kind. They are not approved by the FDA or any comparable authority for human or veterinary use, no compound in this range holds an approved human nasal formulation in any jurisdiction, intranasal pharmacokinetics are not established for nearly all of them, and delivered amount should be measured rather than inferred from metered volume. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. They must not be given to humans or animals. Purchase is restricted to qualified researchers and institutions operating within applicable laws. All handling is the responsibility of the purchasing laboratory.
