Vilon Peptide: What It Is, Mechanism and Research (2026)

Vilon peptide: what it is, what the research shows, and how it is studied

Vilon peptide is the dipeptide Lys-Glu (KE), a synthetic thymic bioregulator from the Khavinson series. Studies examine its effect on thymus and T-cell function, gene expression in aging tissue and lifespan in mice, and this guide summarizes that work. PrymaLab sells three research-use forms: the Vilon 20mg vial, the Vilon 6mg pen and the Vilon 10mg nasal spray.

This guide covers the reported Vilon peptide benefits in research models, the proposed mechanism of action, the safety record and the key studies, and where the dipeptide sits among longevity peptides.

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What is Vilon peptide? The science behind this thymus bioregulator

Vilon (also designated KE) is a synthetic dipeptide with the amino acid sequence Lys-Glu (L-lysine-L-glutamic acid) and a molecular weight of about 275 daltons. It was originally identified in extracts of the thymus gland, the organ where T cells mature, as part of the peptide bioregulator research programme led by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (SPIBG) in Russia.

Peptide bioregulators are short chains of amino acids that the programme associated with specific organ tissues. Unlike conventional drugs that act on a single receptor, they are proposed to interact directly with DNA and chromatin and to influence gene expression in the cells of their target organ.

Vilon belongs to the thymus bioregulators, peptides associated with thymic tissue and studied mainly for immune function. The thymus is essential for T-cell maturation and immune competence, but it undergoes progressive involution (shrinkage) with age, which contributes to immune decline.

Vilon was discovered in the 1980s within Thymalin, a complex thymic extract used in early Russian immunological research. Scientists later synthesized Vilon as the smallest active component of Thymalin, showing that even a two-amino-acid sequence can carry biological activity.

What makes Vilon structurally unique is the paired charge of its two amino acids. Lysine carries a positive charge (basic), while glutamic acid carries a negative charge (acidic). Under physiological conditions, this creates a zwitterionic molecule that can interact with both negatively charged DNA and positively charged histone proteins in chromatin.

This dual nature allows Vilon to penetrate cell membranes and access the nucleus, where it can directly influence gene expression — a notable capability for such a minimal molecule.

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How does Vilon work? Mechanism of action explained

Understanding what peptides do at the molecular level is essential for appreciating why Vilon is studied. Vilon is proposed to act through several interconnected mechanisms that bypass classical receptor-binding pathways and instead involve direct interaction with the genome.

Epigenetic Modulation and Gene Expression

Vilon's main mechanism involves epigenetic regulation — changing how genes are expressed without altering the DNA sequence itself. Studies show that Vilon can attach to specific regions of DNA and chromatin, helping keep important gene areas in an active state. In cell samples from older donors, Vilon was found to partially loosen heterochromatin — the densely packed form of DNA that keeps genes silenced.

By loosening these regions, Vilon mainly reactivates genes that had been turned off during aging, including nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) that contain ribosomal RNA genes essential for protein synthesis.

Importantly, this effect is selective. Vilon does not unlock permanently silent DNA regions (constitutive heterochromatin). Instead, it targets facultative heterochromatin — regions that cells could use but have shut down due to age or environmental stress. This selectivity is what makes Vilon a true bioregulator rather than a blunt-force activator.

The downstream effects include increased expression of DNA repair genes (PCNA), enhanced antioxidant enzyme production (SOD, catalase), and normalized stress-response pathways (FOXO1, SIRT1).

Chromatin and Histone Interaction

Vilon works closely with histones — the proteins that package DNA into chromatin. Computational models and laboratory tests show that Vilon can bind to histone H1, the linker histone that helps keep DNA in a tightly coiled state. By binding H1, Vilon may displace it or alter its conformation, leading to a loosening of chromatin structure that makes genes more accessible for transcription.

This is analogous to untying a knot so that the genetic instructions can be read by the cell's machinery.

There is also evidence that Vilon interacts with histone tails — the flexible ends of histone proteins where important post-translational changes occur. If Vilon binds these tails, it could interfere with signals that normally tighten chromatin, shifting the balance toward a more transcriptionally active state. This is very relevant for genes involved in cellular stress response, growth, and immune function.

SIRT1 and DNA Repair Pathway Regulation

A landmark 2023 study published in the Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine provided the most mechanistically detailed evidence for Vilon's action in human cells. Researchers found that Vilon (Lys-Glu) mainly regulates the expression of SIRT1 — a NAD-dependent deacetylase and key longevity regulator — as well as the DNA repair enzymes PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 in human mesenchymal stem cells.

SIRT1 is one of the most studied anti-aging proteins, known to safeguard genomic stability, regulate metabolism, and promote cellular stress resistance. The PARP family of enzymes is key for detecting and repairing DNA damage. By modulating this SIRT1/PARP axis, Vilon provides a molecular basis for its observed geroprotective effects and may explain improved DNA damage response in aging cells.

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Vilon peptide benefits: what the research shows

Across multiple laboratory studies, Vilon has shown a notably diverse range of biological effects for such a small molecule, concentrated in immune modulation, aging and cellular regeneration. Here is what the research reports about Vilon peptide benefits in those models.

Immune modulation

Given its thymic origins, immune function is Vilon's main research area. Laboratory studies reported effects on immune cell function in models of aging or stress, including T-cell maturation and cytokine production. Vilon, Thymalin and Thymosin Alpha-1 are among the peptides studied for different aspects of immune function.

Aging and longevity findings

Vilon peptide benefits reported in aging research include reduced cellular senescence markers (p16^INK4a), increased expression of longevity-linked genes (SIRT1, FOXO1), enhanced DNA repair capacity and improved cellular regeneration. In cell culture, Vilon shifted gene expression profiles in aged cells toward patterns typical of younger cells.

Cellular Regeneration and Tissue Repair

Laboratory studies linked Vilon to cellular regeneration through several pathways. In aging fibroblast cultures, Vilon treatment stimulated growth activity and collagen synthesis while reducing markers of cellular senescence. The peptide was reported to reactivate ribosomal RNA genes, which support the cell's protein production. In animal studies, muscle and liver tissues from Vilon-treated aged animals showed higher regenerative potential after injury compared to untreated controls.

Antioxidant enzymes

Cells under stress build up oxidative damage that accelerates aging and disease. In laboratory studies Vilon increased the cell's own antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione-related enzymes. In animal studies, pre-treatment with Vilon protected tissues from oxidative injury, reducing liver and blood markers of oxidative damage after exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Vilon induces an adaptive anti-inflammatory state without suppressing necessary immune responses. Research using human monocyte-macrophage cell lines showed that Vilon helps restrain excessive inflammatory responses — reducing TNF-a and IL-6 output and limiting immune cell adhesion to blood vessel walls. In aged animals, long-term Vilon treatment lowered baseline levels of inflammatory mediators, reducing the "inflammaging" burden that accelerates tissue decline.

Most of these findings come from cell cultures and animal models in the Khavinson program; the human data are limited, as the clinical evidence sections below show. Related guides cover other bioregulator peptides and the KPV peptide.

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Vilon in immune system and thymus research

The thymus gland is the master regulator of adaptive immunity, responsible for producing and educating T-cells — the immune system's most versatile defenders. However, thymic involution (shrinkage) begins in early adulthood and accelerates with age, leading to progressive immune decline known as immunosenescence. Vilon, as a thymus bioregulator, mainly targets this age-related immune decline.

T-Cell Maturation and Development

In co-culture experiments simulating the thymus environment, Vilon stimulated thymocytes (immature T-cells) to both proliferate and mature. More thymocytes entered cell division and, importantly, more successfully developed into functional CD4+ T helper cells — the "generals" of the immune response. Studies noted higher CD5 and CD4 markers on developing T-cells after Vilon exposure, showing enhanced maturation competence.

These thymocyte findings are the basis of Vilon's study as an immune-modulating peptide.

Immune Cell Normalization

In cultures of human lymphocytes from elderly donors, Vilon had a striking effect on chromatin organization and gene activation. Functionally, aged lymphocytes regained the power to respond to stimulants with robust but controlled growth — approaching the responsiveness of lymphocytes from much younger people. Vilon also normalized blast transformation rates, meaning immune cells could properly activate when encountering pathogens.

In aged mice with damaged immune systems, Vilon increased T-lymphocyte counts back toward normal ranges.

Balanced Immune Response

Critically, Vilon does not simply "boost" immunity — it balances it. Research using human monocyte-macrophage cell lines showed that Vilon prepares immune cells via MAPK signaling (ERK, JNK activation) while simultaneously restraining excessive inflammatory responses when challenged with bacterial LPS. This dual action — enhancing readiness while preventing overreaction — makes Vilon a true immunomodulator rather than a simple immune stimulant.

Human data: one clinical evaluation

The main human report for Vilon is a clinical evaluation of 520 adults (ages 43-76) convalescing after acute respiratory and viral illness, in which oral Vilon was reported to normalize immune parameters in 86% of cases compared with placebo. It is summarized in the Khavinson review series rather than published as a stand-alone trial, and it needs independent replication.

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Vilon peptide and aging: cellular regeneration research

One of the most studied areas of Vilon research is its possible relevance to aging: whether it can counteract basic aspects of cellular aging in cell and animal models.

Cellular senescence

Cellular senescence — the state where cells permanently stop dividing and secrete harmful inflammatory factors — is a hallmark of aging tissues. Vilon appears to interfere with senescence growth in multiple ways. Old fibroblasts and immune cells exposed to Vilon did not build up as much p16^INK4a (a key senescence marker), allowing more cells to continue cycling instead of falling into permanent arrest.

Similarly, p53 levels were more moderate, consistent with Vilon helping reduce underlying DNA damage. Youth-linked markers like SIRT1 and Ki-67 (a proliferation marker) increased with Vilon treatment, showing higher cellular renewal rates.

Stem cell aging models

A notable study examined human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as they underwent aging in culture. When Vilon was added to these aging stem cell cultures, it produced major changes in gene expression tied to aging. Vilon increased IGF-1 expression several-fold, modulated FOXO1 depending on the aging context, and positively regulated SIRT1.

Telomere-linked genes like TERT and TNKS showed changes, hinting that repeated Vilon exposure might affect telomere maintenance. The essential takeaway is that in stem cell models of aging, Vilon recalibrates key pathways — growth factor signaling (IGF-1), stress resistance (FOXO, Sirtuins), and inflammation/repair signaling (NF-?B) — resulting in cells that show more resilience and a gene profile focused on maintenance and repair.

Lifespan Extension in Animal Models

Two landmark PubMed-indexed animal studies showed that Vilon significantly inhibited spontaneous tumor growth and extended the lifespan of mice. Treated animals showed increased physical activity and endurance, reduced body temperature (a biomarker linked with longevity), and dramatically lower rates of spontaneous neoplasms. These findings, published by Khavinson and Anisimov in 2000, provided some of the earliest evidence that a simple dipeptide could influence lifespan — a notable finding that helped establish the field of longevity peptides research.

Inflammaging

Senescent cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (the senescence-linked secretory phenotype, or SASP) that damage neighboring cells and accelerate tissue aging. By reducing chronic pro-inflammatory signals like TNF-a and IL-6, Vilon may reduce the impact of SASP. In animal models, long-term Vilon treatment led to lower baseline levels of inflammatory mediators in the bloodstream and tissues.

Vilon is often discussed with Epithalon and Thymalin, other bioregulators from the same Khavinson program; the comparison below sets out how they differ.

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Vilon administration routes and forms used in research

How Vilon has been given in research

The published Vilon work from the Khavinson group used the peptide in animals and in cell culture, with a small number of human reports in older adults under study conditions; none of it is a dose-finding trial. There is no established human dose and no accepted injection schedule. PrymaLab supplies Vilon for laboratory research only. The product page covers reconstitution and storage; nothing on this site is an administration guide.

Oral and other routes in the literature

Oral administration was the route reported for the human clinical evaluation summarized above, and the gut studies in aged rats also gave Vilon orally (see the animal studies table below). Sublingual and intranasal forms also exist.

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Vilon vs other bioregulator peptides: Thymalin, Thymogen and Epithalon

Comparing Vilon with other bioregulator peptides helps place each compound in the research. The Khavinson programme produced several peptides, each associated with a different organ system, and PrymaLab groups them under peptide bioregulators. The compounds most often compared with Vilon are Thymalin, Thymogen and Epithalon.

Feature	Vilon (KE)	Thymalin	Thymogen (EW)	Epithalon (AEDG)
Composition	Dipeptide (Lys-Glu)	Complex thymic extract	Dipeptide (Glu-Trp)	Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)
Amino Acids	2	Multiple (extract)	2	4
Primary Target	Immune modulation, epigenetics	Broad thymic support	Immune stimulation	Telomerase activation, pineal
Mechanism	DNA/chromatin interaction, SIRT1/PARP	Multi-component immune support	IL-2 stimulation, immune activation	Telomerase activation, melatonin
Anti-Aging Focus	Epigenetic rejuvenation, immune aging	Immune reconstitution	Immune recovery	Telomere maintenance, longevity
Lifespan Studies	Yes (mice — extended lifespan)	Yes (mice — extended lifespan)	Limited	Yes (mice — extended lifespan)
Human Clinical Data	1 study (520 subjects, oral)	Multiple Russian studies	Russian clinical use	Limited human data
Routes in the literature	SC injection, oral, sublingual	IM injection	IM injection, nasal spray	SC injection
Organ Bioregulator	Thymus	Thymus	Thymus	Pineal gland

Beyond the thymus, the Khavinson programme assigned short peptides to many other organs: Chonluten and Bronchogen to the airways, Cardiogen to the heart, Pinealon to the brain and Vesilute to the bladder, among others. All are proposed to work through the same epigenetic mechanism described for Vilon. The peptide bioregulators research overview maps each compound to its tissue and sets out what the evidence does and does not support.

In the research literature, Vilon and Thymalin are the thymus bioregulators studied for immune function, and Epithalon is studied for telomere maintenance. All three are subjects of peptide bioregulator research.

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Vilon peptide side effects and safety profile in the literature

The safety record for Vilon comes from laboratory research and limited human data.

What the Research Shows About Vilon Safety

In the published human clinical evaluation of 520 adults (ages 43-76), oral Vilon was reported as well tolerated, with no major adverse effects. Lab studies in mice and rats have also shown Vilon to be well-tolerated at research doses, with no reported toxicity or organ damage.

Potential Side Effects

No controlled study has characterized Vilon side effects in people. Lists of injection-site reactions, headache, tiredness and stomach upset found on product pages come from general peptide use, not from Vilon studies.

The long term effects of peptides like Vilon have been studied in animal models over extended periods, with no major adverse effects reported.

Groups with limited or no data

Safety data are limited or absent for pregnancy and nursing, autoimmune conditions (Vilon modulates immune function), immunosuppressive therapy and active cancers (Vilon affects cell proliferation pathways). Vilon from PrymaLab is for laboratory research use only and is not for human use. Impurities and contamination are a separate risk, which is why the certificate for a lot should match the lot number on the vial and be verifiable.

?? Medical Disclaimer: This article is for informational and educational purposes only. The data provided is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition. Vilon is not FDA-approved for human treatment use. Peptide products discussed are intended for research and educational purposes. Vilon from PrymaLab is sold for laboratory research use only and is not for human or veterinary use.

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Preclinical and clinical research: key studies and findings

Vilon has one of the more substantive lab profiles among Khavinson bioregulators, with multiple PubMed-indexed animal studies and a 2023 mechanistic study in human stem cells. Here is a summary of the key research findings.

In Vitro Findings

Researchers have tested Vilon on many cell types — from fibroblasts to immune cells — often using models of aging or stress. In virtually all cases, Vilon showed a capacity to enhance cellular vigor and longevity. Aging fibroblast cultures treated with Vilon showed increased growth activity, increased collagen synthesis, and reduced senescence markers.

In lymphocyte cultures from elderly donors, Vilon reactivated silenced genetic programs, promoted cell cycle entry, and guided immune cell maturation — producing immune cells that resembled those from a much younger immune system.

Animal Studies

The animal research on Vilon spans lifespan extension, anti-tumor activity, and gut restoration:

Study	Model	Route	Key Finding	Reference
Lifespan Extension (2000)	Mice (spontaneous tumor model)	SC	Significantly inhibited tumor growth; extended lifespan	Khavinson & Anisimov, PubMed 10944717
Biological Age (2000)	Mice	SC	Increased physical activity, reduced body temperature, prolonged lifespan, reduced neoplasms	Khavinson et al., PubMed 11550014
Bladder Carcinogenesis (2001)	Rats	SC	Significantly lower urinary bladder tumor incidence vs. control	Pliss et al., PubMed 11586406
GI Transport (2002)	Aged rats	Oral	Restored glucose/glycine intestinal transport in aged gut	Khavinson et al., PubMed 12420071
GI Enzymes (2002)	Aged rats	Oral	Increased maltase, alkaline phosphatase activity in small intestine	Khavinson et al., PubMed 12660839
IL-2 mRNA (2002)	Murine splenocytes (in vitro)	In vitro	Significantly stimulated IL-2 mRNA expression	Kazakova et al., PubMed 12447482
SIRT1/PARP (2023)	Human MSCs (in vitro)	In vitro	Regulates SIRT1, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3 gene expression	Khavinson et al., PubMed 37782636

Human Clinical Evidence

The sole published human clinical evaluation involved 520 adults (ages 43-76) convalescing after acute respiratory and viral illness. Oral Vilon was reported to normalize immune parameters in 86% of cases compared with placebo. While this study provides encouraging preliminary evidence, it was conducted within the Russian clinical framework and has not been independently replicated in Western clinical trials.

No large-scale, registered, multi-center Phase III trials exist for Vilon for any indication.

Effect of Vilon on many biological systems continues to be studied. The lab evidence base is robust and PubMed-indexed, providing a solid foundation for future clinical research. Vilon peptide research represents an ongoing effort to understand how minimal peptide signals can influence complex biological processes.

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Is Vilon legal? Regulatory status

Understanding the regulatory landscape is essential for anyone considering Vilon. The legal status of peptides varies by jurisdiction and intended use.

FDA and Western Regulatory Status

Vilon has never got FDA approval or any equivalent control clearance for human treatment use in Western markets. It is not a licensed pharmaceutical in the United States, European Union, or other Western jurisdictions. In Russia, Vilon and related bioregulators have been used within the SPIBG clinical framework, but this operates under a different control system than Western medicine.

Research Chemical Classification

In the United States and most Western countries, Vilon is available for buy as a research chemical — intended for in vitro research and educational purposes only. This classification means it can be legally bought but is not approved for human consumption or treatment use. Peptide research chemicals are widely available from specialized suppliers, but quality and purity vary greatly between vendors.

From a regulatory perspective, most research peptides sit in a gray area: legal to buy for research but not approved for therapeutic use. Research material should come with a certificate of analysis that matches the lot number on the vial and can be verified.

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Where to buy Vilon peptide: quality and sourcing

Knowing where to source high-quality Vilon is key for research purposes. The market for bioregulator peptides has expanded greatly, but quality varies between suppliers. PrymaLab synthesizes Vilon peptide as a 20mg vial, and that product page carries the specification table and handling conditions described below.

What to Look for When Buying Vilon

When searching for the best peptides and mainly Vilon, prioritize these quality indicators: certificates of analysis (COAs) that match the lot number on your vial and can be verified; purity levels of 98% or higher confirmed by HPLC testing; products manufactured in GMP-compliant facilities; transparent labeling with clear level data; and proper storage and shipping conditions (cold chain for freeze-dried peptides).

Reputable suppliers provide full records of their testing and manufacturing processes.

Available Product Forms

Vilon is available in several formats: freeze-dried powder in vials (often 10-20 mg), pre-filled pens, oral capsules (the format used in the human clinical study), and sublingual spray mixes. PrymaLab supplies the dipeptide in three formats: a 20mg vial, a Vilon 6mg pen and a Vilon 10mg metered nasal spray. Pricing often ranges from $3.00 to $4.50 per milligram for vial formats, with oral and spray forms priced differently.

Vilon is available from several research peptide suppliers. When assessing them, look for established companies with responsive customer service and transparent quality records, and put verified quality ahead of price. Because it is a simple dipeptide, Vilon is usually one of the less expensive bioregulators.

Vilon is not an over-the-counter product: in most Western countries it is classified as a research chemical rather than a pharmacy or supplement product, and it is sold by research peptide suppliers without a prescription in many jurisdictions.

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What the Vilon studies measured

The lifespan and tumor studies reviewed in Biogerontology (doi:10.1007/s10522-009-9249-8) used female CBA mice given Vilon by subcutaneous injection from the 6th month of life (Khavinson et al., Bull Exp Biol Med 2000;130(7):687-690), in long-term courses across the lifespan, and measured lifespan and spontaneous tumor incidence. No human dose has been established. The reference list at the end of this guide links the PubMed records behind the research summarized here.

Frequently asked questions about Vilon peptide

What is Vilon peptide?

Vilon peptide is the synthetic dipeptide Lys-Glu (KE), a thymic bioregulator from the Khavinson series developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is studied for its effect on thymus and T-lymphocyte function, gene expression in aging cells, and lifespan and tumor incidence in mice. PrymaLab supplies it as a 20mg vial, a 6mg preloaded pen and a 10mg nasal spray for research use.

What is the difference between Vilon and Thymogen?

Both are two-amino-acid thymic bioregulators from the same Russian research program, but they are different molecules. Vilon is Lys-Glu (KE); Thymogen is Glu-Trp (EW). Thymogen is registered in Russia as an immunomodulator and its literature centers on T-lymphocyte differentiation and cAMP/cGMP signaling. Vilon's literature leans toward thymus regeneration, gene expression in aging tissue and lifespan studies in mice. The Thymogen guide has the detail.

How is Vilon reconstituted?

In the laboratory, lyophilized Vilon is dissolved in a suitable diluent run slowly down the inside of the vial, then swirled rather than shaken until the powder dissolves. The concentration is the mass of peptide divided by the volume of diluent: 2 mL in a 20mg vial gives 10 mg/mL.

How should Vilon be stored?

Lyophilized Vilon keeps best refrigerated at 2 to 8 C, or frozen at -20 C for longer storage, sealed and away from light. Once dissolved, the solution stays refrigerated and is used within a few weeks; it is not frozen. The nasal spray and the preloaded pen are also stored refrigerated. Repeated warming and re-cooling is avoided, since temperature swings speed up degradation of short peptides.

Is Vilon the same as Thymalin?

No. Thymalin is a polypeptide extract prepared from calf thymus, a mixture of peptides rather than one defined sequence. Vilon is a single synthetic dipeptide, Lys-Glu, designed as a small defined analog of the active thymic fraction. Both are studied for thymus and immune-cell function; Vilon is far smaller, chemically defined and easier to characterize in gene-expression work. PrymaLab lists Thymalin 10mg separately.

?? Key takeaways

• Vilon (Lys-Glu) is a thymic dipeptide bioregulator studied for immune function, cellular regeneration and aging, with a proposed epigenetic mechanism
• In laboratory studies it interacted with DNA and chromatin to reactivate silenced genes, regulated SIRT1/PARP gene expression, and normalized immune cell function
• Reported Vilon peptide benefits in cell and animal models include T-cell maturation, fewer senescence markers, antioxidant enzyme activity and lower inflammatory cytokines
• Animal studies reported lifespan extension, tumor inhibition, and improved tissue function in aged subjects
• A human clinical evaluation (520 subjects), summarized in the Khavinson review series, reported 86% immune normalization with oral Vilon; it needs independent replication
• There is no established human dose and no accepted injection schedule
• Vilon is not FDA-approved and is sold by PrymaLab for laboratory research use only
• Check that the certificate of analysis matches the lot number on the vial and can be verified

Explore research-grade peptides

PrymaLab supplies research-grade peptides for laboratory research, including Vilon, Thymalin, Epithalon, BPC-157, GHK-Cu, and more. Every lot is tested in PrymaLab's own laboratory (RP-HPLC purity, LC-MS identity), and certificates can be checked at prymalab.net/testing/verify.

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References and sources

1. Khavinson VK, Anisimov VN. "A synthetic dipeptide vilon (L-Lys-L-Glu) inhibits growth of spontaneous tumors and increases life span of mice." Dokl Biol Sci. 2000. PubMed 10944717
2. Khavinson VK, et al. "Effect of vilon on biological age and lifespan in mice." Adv Gerontol. 2000. PubMed 11550014
3. Khavinson VK, et al. "Effect of Vilon and Epithalon on glucose and glycine transport in the small intestine in aged rats." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002. PubMed 12420071
4. Khavinson VK, et al. "Effect of vilon and epithalon on activity of enzymes in the small intestine in aged rats." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002. PubMed 12660839
5. Kazakova TB, et al. "In vitro effect of short peptides on expression of interleukin-2 mRNA in murine splenocytes." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002. PubMed 12447482
6. Khavinson VK, et al. "Clinical evaluation of short peptides on increasing the reserve capacity of the human body." Summarized in Khavinson review series, Adv Gerontol.
7. Khavinson VK, et al. "KE peptide (Lys-Glu, vilon) regulates SIRT1, PARP1, PARP2 and PARP3 gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2023. PubMed 37782636
8. Pliss GB, et al. "Inhibitory effect of peptide vilon on the development of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats." Bull Exp Biol Med. 2001. PubMed 11586406
9. Khavinson VK. "Peptides and Ageing." Neuroendocrinology Letters. 2002;23(Suppl 3):11-144. Review of peptide bioregulator research program.
10. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VK. "Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects." Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149. doi:10.1007/s10522-009-9249-8

Michael Phelps

Marketing Director & Peptide Research Specialist at PrymaLab

Michael is an Air Force veteran with a specialized background in biochemistry and over 10 years of experience in the biotech industry. He applies military-grade precision to research standards and quality control, bridging the gap between complex scientific studies and practical use. Michael provides accurate, science-backed data on peptide research, skincare science, and regenerative medicine.